What is Translation? ما هى الترجمة

موضوع: What is Translation? ما هى الترجمة 2011-05-21, 5:25 pm

What is Translation?

Translation
is the process in which a written communication or a text in a first
language is produced as the written communication or text in the second
language interpreting the same meaning. Here the text in the first
language is the "source text" and the equivalent text that
communicates the same message is the "target text" or "translated
text". Initially translation has been a manual activity. Today,
together with manual translation, there is also automatic translation of
natural-language texts, which is referred to as machine translation or
computer-mindisted translation which use [color:8040=blue ! important][color:8040=blue ! important]computers as an aid to
translation. Translation is one way to bring the world closer.

Origin of the term
Etymologically, "translation" refers to "bringing across"
or "carrying across". Originated from the latin word "translatio"
, the perfect pmindive participle of which is "translatum" or "transferre".
Trans implies "to transfer" and "ferre" implies to "to
carry to bring across". For the modern Roman, Germany and Slavic
European language, the word "traducere" is used for
translation which implies "to bring across" or "to lead
across" in English. The Greek term for translation is "metaphrasis"
which implies "a speaking across". "Metaphrase"
implies a word-for-word translation or literal translation while "paraphrase"
in Greek means a saying in other words.

Factors to take in Consider for Translation
Translation is not so easy as it sounds to be. Moreover, translation
does not mean a simple word for word for correspondence between any two
languages. It is not a mechanical process where each word is translated
to the target language. Rather, many factors are to be taken into
consideration to get the exact output in the target language. The
factors are as follows:

Actual context
The rules of grammar of the two languages
The spellings in the two languages
Their writing conventions
Meaning of idioms and phrases
The usage of points and commas to separate decimals and thousands
within numbers. This is to be noted that some languages follow
reverse style. For example, while in English we write 1,000.01, the
same is written as 1.000,01 in Spanish languages, except for Panama,
Puerto Rico, Mexico, and the United States itself.
Again text translation also implies the translation of right-to
left alphabets (such as Arabic and Hebrew).

Beside the above factors, to get the final document all activities
are equally important like

The document needs to be read
The document needs to be translated
The document is then edited
The document is then proofread, not to mention retyped and often
reformatted.
Sometimes, research is also required for translation.
Thorough knowledge of the native language is required by the
translator.

Translation requires a complete understanding of the customs and
lifestyle of a group of people so as to translate in a manner that
communicates to that culture's world view.

Approaches to Translation
There are two approaches to translation:

Formal equivalence: Formal equivalence implies word for
word translation or literal translation. It translate not only the
exact appearance of vocabulary but also the idioms and grammatical
structure used in the original. This creates a problem because
idioms are expressions that have meaning which is quite different
from the actual meaning of the words used in the idiom. For example,
the idiom "top notch" implies excellent while in simple
English it represents the top notch of a stick. The drawback of
formal equivalence is that idioms or phrases can mislead or confuse
the reader.
Dynamic equivalence: Dynamic equivalence, also referred
to as functional equivalence, implies the essential thought
expressed in the source text. This include, if necessary,
literality, original sememe and word order, the text's active vs.
pmindive voice, etc. It is not following a word for word translation
but changing, adding, or subtracting from the original text to make
it look as the translator sees fit.

Success of Translation
For the success of translation, four requirements are to be fulfilled:

Making sense.
Displaying the spirit and manner of the original.
The translated document has a natural and easy form of
expression.
The translated document produces a similar response.

Types of Translation Services
There are various types of translation services that can handle various
types of written work. Translators can be contacted through language
schools or universities. You can get in touch with with freelance
translators through such schools or universities or there are staff in
such universities who regularly take on translation work. There are many
translation companies that can address one's needs. Also, you can use
translation [color:8040=blue ! important][color:8040=blue ! important]software, which can cover more basic translation needs.
Further, one can also recruit translators through any of the above
resources to conduct oral translation as required. The various
translation services offered by translation companies are as follows:

Language Translation
Services
Document Translation
Services
Multimedia &
Audio/Visual Translation Services
Localization
Graphic Designing Services
Desktop Publishing
Services/Multilingual DTP
Leaflets Services
International Names &
Brands Translation
Content & Creative writing
Interpreting Services
Personal Translation
Services
E-Learning and Training
Services
Copy Writing Services
Proof Reading Services
Transcription Services
Market Research and Market
Collaterals
- Company Profile
- Resume writing
- Business Presentation
  Material
- Annual Reports
- Brochures
- Business Cards
- Catalogs
- Book Translation
- Press Releases and
  Publicity
- Direct Marketing
  Material
- Newsletters/Magazines
- Questionnaires and
  surveys
- Manuals
- Presentation and
  Slide show
- Printing Services
- Auto Generated Fax,
  Web, printable materials

What is Translation? ما هى الترجمة 32866

بارك الله فيك
وفي عملك واصل ولاتفاصل
في متابعة جديد موضوعاتك
.
.
.
.
أجمل تحيه

What is Translation? ما هى الترجمة 32866

بارك الله فيكم وجزاكم كل خير

شكررررررررررررررررررررررررررررا

» THE ART OF TRANSLATION فن الترجمة
» أنواع الترجمة Kinds of Translation
» الترجمة من أ للـ ي كيفية الترجمة بشكل صحيح جامد جدا
» بعض كتب الترجمة القيمة والرائعة جدا لمحبى الترجمة والمتخصصين
» الترجمة من A للـ Z كيفية الترجمة بشكل صحيح جامد جدا